Vaccine and Immunology

Vaccine Safety and efficacy

Since last two centuries vaccines are known to provide a safe and effective means by preventing various infectious diseases. But safety of some vaccines are questioned in recent years, the currently available vaccines are million-fold safer than the diseases they are designed to prevent. However, vaccines should always be used along with public health interventions. One most important intervention is having proper knowledge about the vaccine as public might believe that vaccines are unsafe and not needed. Some vaccines are given via injection (intraveinous, subcutaneous, intramuscular and peritoneal) while others are given orally and intranasally. New vaccines are also investigated for topical and intravaginal use. In future safe and effective vaccines will be developed for preventing number of bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoan diseases.