Immune system protects us from various infectious diseases by producing antibodies and antigens for defeating harmful microorganisms and bacteria. In current era digital pathology has a huge development by scanning the tissue samples of the body and store digitally. There are some advance techniques in pathology but every technique has its own advantages and limitations.

Cancer vaccines have been developed from so many years both in animal and clinical applications those are not very successful but encouraging the results. In the last few years immunotherapy has become an important part for treating some types of cancer.Childhood vaccines can protect children from more than dozen of diseases like measles, polio, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, etc. Maternal inoculation is a possible method to stop the seriousness of seductive illnesses in pregnant ladies and their new-born youngsters.

Human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) vaccine is mostly given to children, adults and pregnant women. Researchers are working to develop therapeutic HPV vaccines, instead of preventing HPV infection it will also prevent cancer developing in women due to HPV. Rotavirus vaccines are in wide use universally, and have made an evident impact on the burden of disease.

The first vaccine-relevant protein produced in plants was not an antigen, but an antibody. The first plant engineering technology was authorised the concept of plant-based vaccines to motivate us to develop practical products in plant engineering but there are some problems in reaching the final results. Several industrial analysis teams are currently working on the employment of plant-based vaccines in each humans and animals.

As long as we became older, our immune system became so week to fight with infectious diseases. If you have health condition like diabetes, or heart disease getting vaccinated is most important. Some researchers have found that executing influenza vaccine leads to prevent the significant reductions in risk of hospitalization for pneumonia or influenza for older adults.

DNA vaccines are simple rings of DNA containing a gene encoding an antigen and also DNA vaccination is an approach for protecting an animal against disease by injecting it with naturally engineered DNA so cells directly produce an antigen, resulting in a vigilant immunological response. DNA vaccines are considerably clean and cheaper to design and heat stability, amenable to genetic manipulation and mimic viral infection.

Drug addiction is a persistently recurring brain disorder.There is an essential need for new treatment options for this disease because the recurring rate among drug abusers is quite high. On the basis of preclinical work, vaccines for cocaine, tobacco, heroin and nicotine are now in clinical trials because they can offer long-term protection with basic treatment.

Mostly flu, tetanus and diphtheria vaccines are helpful for pregnant women. Immunization during pregnancy can protect the fetus and also transfers antibodies from the mother to the fetus. Vaccine can help in protection of the mother's body from diseases and this immunity passes to her baby during pregnancy. This immunity keeps the child safe during the first few months of life until baby gets his own vaccination

Travel immunization is rapidly evolving; highly dynamic specialty that focuses on pre travel preventive care. Getting vaccinated can also prevent the spread of diseases from one country to another. Now a day’s Influenza vaccine is the most preventable vaccine for the travellers.

The adaptive immunity uses specific antigens to strategically rise an immune response and it eliminates pathogens or prevent their growth. The major function of adaptive immunity is to eliminate the pathogens and toxin molecules they produce.It also includes the development of immunological memory, a process that continues to develop and enhances future responses to a given antigen.

The vaccine becomes static due to incorrect storage, if it used incorrectly or expiry vaccines it may cause infections. Currently available vaccines have been developed based on the observation, with little or understanding on how they active the immune system. There are many immunization vaccines to protect against infectious and non-infectious diseases from infants to adults.

At the point when our bodies go under a violent attack from a viral infection they dispatch an advanced safeguard known as “immune response”. Viral infections may lead to the cause of intense and chronic diseases, infertility, long-term disability, and demise, with serious medical and psychological consequences for millions of humans. Mostly used vaccines against viral infections are HIV and MMR vaccines.

There are so many immunizable diseases among them Diphtheria, Flu, Measles, Polio, Whooping Cough, Tetanus are frequently caused diseases. For these infections there are large number of preventable vaccines are available in ongoing market.Every country makes its own immunization strategies, based on the diseases that are common in its area and its healthcare preferences.

Immunology tests are used to accomplish frequent tests in hospitals and laboratories, to do prompt tests yourself at home, as well as in family doctors and specialists practices.Immunologic tests make use of antigen to identify presence of antibodies to a pathogen, or an antibody to detect the presence of an antigen. Popular immunology tests include Agglutination tests, Complement fixation, Enzyme immunoassays, Precipitation tests, Western blot test.

Immunotechnology is an innovation that absorbs the immune systems cells and atoms of the unsusceptible framework. The first rate specificity of antigen-antibody interactions has created the improvement of an increase of immunological techniques. Immunoresearch speaks to a significant medium for the introduction, translation, and elucidation of complex logical information.

Vaccine regulatory issues are responsible for regulation of vaccines, their production, distribution and control.Vaccination rates are high in ongoing spectrum; the risks associated with vaccines are much less than the risks associated with diseases. Most vaccines have no living germs in them, so they won’t cause infections.

Many countries require their residents to receive certain immunizations. As vaccine production involved clinical trials and some animal modelling a wide range of experts are emerging by society on the value of ethics as it meant as animal sacrifice.  Public health administrators must recognize and respect disparate social and cultural perspectives toward immunization policies, to help support their success and acceptance.

Present available vaccines have been developed experimentally, in next 15 years these vaccines can prevent so many infectious and non-infectious diseases. Role of vaccine delivery technologies includes coherent development of vaccines, acquiring immunization goals, supporting best clinical practice.With every technological advance, we are able to extend the privileges of vaccines to more people and provide better protection from life-threatening infectious diseases.

New corona virus is spreading around the universe, this virus cause sickness from normal to serious conditions such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). A vaccine can give some immunity so people do not become sick if they are unprotected. Vaccine research is taking place at peculiar speed, but there is no guarantee it will be successful and will require immunisation on a global scale.It is clear the current approach of shutting down large parts of society is not sustainable in the long-term. The social and economic damage would be disastrous.